Grading

We use the English grading system which ranges from Poor-FDC as follows:

Poor	-
Fair	-
Fine	(F)
Very Fine	(VF)
Extremely Fine	(EF)
Uncirculated	(UNC)
Brilliant Uncirculated	(BU)
Fleur De Coin	(FDC)

Sometimes the grade is modified by the following pre-fixes:

Abt.	About (ie slightly below the stated grade)
A	Almost
G	Good
N	Nearly
+	Slightly better than
-	Grade is between
/	Obverse grade before and Reverse graded after

Authenticity

All modern proofs are FDC and cased with certificate of authenticity unless stated. * denotes R. Ingram Coins certificate of authenticity.

Slabbed coins

These coins are contained in a hard plastic case. Most are graded independently by American companies which conform to US grading standards which ranges from MS-0 to MS-70 where VF begins at MS-20, EF at MS-40, AU at MS-50 and Unc at MS-60. There is also an English company which slabs coins conforming to English grading standards which ranges from 1-100.

Abbreviations

b/ms	Bagmarks
cld.	Cleaned
CD	Clear date
cor.	Corrosion
cr/m(s)	Creasemarks(s)
dty.	Dirty
e/b(s)	Edge bump(s)
e/k(s)	Edge knock(s)
h/l(s)	Hairline(s)
m/m(s)	Mountmark(s)
Obv.	Obverse
o/w	Otherwise
ptd.	Pitted
pgd.	Plugged
Rev.	Reverse
scr(s).	Scratch(es)
sig.	Significant
sl.	Slight(ly)
sm.	Small
sur.	Surface
t.	Tiny
vdgs.	Verdigris
w/o	Without

Reference books

ESC refers to English Silver coinage
F refers to Freeman
MI refers to Medallic Illustrations
N refers to North
P refers to Peck
S refers to Spink’s catalogue of British coins 2007 or, where appropriate, Spink's coins of Scotland and Ireland 2003.

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We use the English grading system at R. Ingram Coins to grade most of our old and rare coins. It uses abbreviations to describe quality, rather than a numerical system as used in the USA. We use this method because it is ideal for the old English coins of which we have a huge stock, including many Guineas, Crowns and Half Crowns of the highest quality.